Our resources comprise downloadable versions of CurbingCorruption’s SFRA approach, of each of the the sector-by-sector experience reviews, and the sector bibliographies
Formulating better anti-corruption strategies using SFRA
CurbingCorruption’s guidance has recently been updated. The following two papers are now published:
Heywood and Pyman 2020 Rethinking corruption reform: Strategy Scale and Substance
In this paper we move from rethinking corruption to ‘rethinking corruption reform’. We start by challenging the current infantilisation of the word ‘strategy’ through an analysis of how good strategy is defined, taught and formulated in the domains of the military, business and politics. We examine the different scales at which anti-corruption initiatives take place, distinguishing three levels where the challenge, and therefore the type of strategy, will differ: international, national and tactical scale change. Whilst national scale change has received the most attention, the vast majority of reform initiatives fall into the tactical scale category. We explore how reformers can better develop the substance of their strategy. We think of this as being the core content of the strategy – the insight or diagnosis involved that allows choices to be made and options discarded – as distinct from the process to be followed in developing a strategy or the other components of formal strategy such as governance, management, coordination or reporting. We consider the substance of
a strategy to comprise three distinct but interlinked activities: making an insightful diagnosis, clarifying and reformulating the purpose and the objectives, then formulating an actionable reform approach that guides the reformers, including choosing which specific reform measures will be preferred. We give examples from reform experience of each of the activities.
Sector by Sector anti-corruption experience
Each sector review is copied off the website in its entirety, tidied up, and saved here as a pdf document. So you can read it at your leisure or print it. New versions are uploaded regularly, so they incorporate recent contributions.
Presentations and talks
Sector Bibliographies
It can be useful for readers to be able to easily see the sources being quoted. Accordingly, a copy of the bibliography for each sector and for each Step of the Five-Step Guidance are duplicated here as pdf documents.
Construction, Public works and infrastructure
Basel Institute of Governance; Collective Action Initiative.https://www.collective-action.com/initiatives/list?title=&field_collective_action_type_value=All&field_sector_tid=51&field_main_country_iso2=All
Carraro, Beatrice (2017) GenieBelt. https://geniebelt.com/blog/construction-prone-corruption
Charbonneau Commission, Quebec (2017) Commission of inquiry on the awarding and management of public contracts in the construction industry.https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2017/gm/bgrd/backgroundfile-106799.pdf
Construction industry of Great Britain (CIOB) (2013) A report exploring corruption in the UK Construction industry. Sept 2013. https://www.ciob.org/sites/default/files/CIOB%20research%20-%20Corruption%20in%20the%20UK%20Construction%20Industry%20September%202013.pdf
Construction Industry Transparency Initiative (CoST) http://www.constructiontransparency.org/the-initiative/objectives?forumboardid=3&forumtopicid=3
Ernst &Young (2014) Managing bribery and construction risks. The real estate, construction and infrastructure industry.http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Managing_bribery_and_corruption_risks_in_the_construction_and_infrastructure_industry/$FILE/Assurance_%20FIDS_sector_paper_Construction.pdf
Freedman, Lawrence (2013) Strategy: a history.Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/strategy-9780199325153?cc=gb&lang=en
See review in: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/07/strategy-history-lawrence-freedman-war
Gilbert, Alan (2011) Transparency and corruption in public contracting in Colombia. http://www.constructiontransparency.org/documentdownload.axd?documentresourceid=38
Global Infrastructure Anti-Corruption Centre (GIACC) http://www.giaccentre.org
Goldie-Scot, Hamish (2012) Construction sector corruption in Ethiopia. In: Plummer, Janelle (Ed). Diagnosing corruption in Ethiopia. Perceptions, realities and the way forward for key sectors. World Bank. http://www.ethiomedia.com/addis/diagnosing_corruption.pdf
Harvey, Sarah (2014) Corruption in Construction: Watching Brief launched on construction industry. http://www.harveylawrence.com/corruption-construction-watching-brief-launched-construction-industry/
Hertie School of Governance (2016) The governance report 2016: Infrastructure governance. https://www.hertie-school.org/en/governancereport/govreport-2016/
IMF (2017) Western corruption survey in IMF report. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/12/international-monetary-fund-imf-tackles-corruption
Kenny, Charles (2007a) Construction, Corruption, and Developing Countries. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4271. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/7451
Kenny, Charles (2007b) Publishing construction contracts and outcome details. World Bank. http://www.constructiontransparency.org/documentdownload.axd?documentresourceid=40
Kenney Charles (2006) Measuring and reducing the impact of corruption in infrastructure. World Bank. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.333.7681&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Khan, Mushtaq, Andreoni, Antonio, Roy, Pallavi (2016) Anti-corruption in adverse contexts: a strategic approach. SOAS Research Online. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23495/1/Anti-Corruption%20in%20Adverse%20Contexts%20%281%29.pdf
Matthews, Petter (2016) This is why corruption is so corrupt. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/02/why-is-the-construction-industry-so-corrupt-and-what-can-we-do-about-it/
OECD (2016) Integrity framework for public infrastructure.https://www.oecd.org/corruption/ethics/Integrity-Framework-For-Public-Infrastructure-Brochure.pdf
Olaya, Juanita (2010) Integrity pacts in the water sector. An implementation guide for government officials. Water Integrity Network and Transparency International.
Open Contracting Partnership(OCP) https://www.open-contracting.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/OpenContracting-2pager-web.pdf
Procurement Watch Incorporated (2009) A study of anti-corruption initiatives in the Philippines’ construction sector. http://www.constructiontransparency.org/documentdownload.axd?documentresourceid=39
Price Waterhouse Coopers (2016) https://www.pwc.com/us/en/forensic-services/publications/assets/pwc-aba-corruption-and-public-works.pdf
Price Waterhouse Coopers (2014) Fighting corruption and bribery in the construction industry.https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/economic-crime-survey/assets/economic-crime-survey-2014-construction.pdf
Pyman, Mark, Eastwood, Sam, Hungerford, Jason, and Elliott, Jasmine (2018) Analysing the anti-corruption approaches of the 26 top-ranked countries: an opportunity for a new generation of strategies. Institute for Statecraft and Norton Rose Fulbright, March 2018.Available at:http://www.statecraft.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/EMEA_2384_Bespoke%20brochure__Countries%20Curbing%20corruption%20final%20report_V3….pdf
Pyman, Mark, Eastwood, Sam, Hungerford, Jason, and Elliott, Jasmine (2017) Research comparing 41 national anti-corruption strategies. Insights and guidance for leaders. Institute for Statecraft and Norton Rose Fulbright. Available at: http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/knowledge/publications/147479/countries-curbing-corruption
Transparency International (2005) Global corruption report 2005: Corruption in construction and post-conflict reconstruction.https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/global_corruption_report_2005_corruption_in_construction_and_post_conflict
U4 (2015) Corruption in the construction of public infrastructure: critical issue sin project preparation. https://www.u4.no/publications/corruption-in-the-construction-of-public-infrastructure-critical-issues-in-project-preparation/
Weick, Carl (2001) Making sense of the organisation.Blackwell publishing. https://www.bookdepository.com/Making-Sense-Organization-Karl-E-Weick/9780631223191
Wells, Jill (2015) Corruption in the construction of public infrastructure: Critical issues in project preparation. U4. http://www.u4.no/publications/corruption-in-the-construction-of-public-infrastructure-critical-issues-in-project-preparation/
World Bank (2012) Public Works as a Safety Net: Design, Evidence, and Implementation. Published: November 2012, ISBN: 978-0-8213-8968-3, e-ISBN: 978-0-8213-9461-8. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8968-3
World Bank (2011) Curbing fraud, corruption and collusion in the roads sector. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDOII/Resources/Roads_Paper_Final.pdf
World Bank (1997) Helping countries combat corruption: the role of the World Bank.http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/anticorrupt/corruptn/cor02.htm
World Economic Forum (2017) Partnering Against Corruption Initiative: Building foundations for trust and integrity – infrastructure and urban development http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_PACI_IU_Report_2017.pdf.
Education
Accountability Lab (2017) Why we have to reimagine education to fight corruption. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/03/why-we-have-to-reimagine-education-to-fight-corruption/
Afghanistan Anti-Corruption Monitoring and Evaluation Committee (MEC) (2017) Ministry-wide vulnerability to corruption assessment of the Afghan Ministry of Education.http://www.mec.af/files/2017_23_10_moe_english.pdf
Ang, Yuen Yuen (2017) How China escaped the poverty trap. Cornell University Press. http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/?GCOI=80140100715940
Borcan, Oana, Lindahl, Mikael and Mitrut, Andreas (2015) Fighting corruption in education: what works and who benefits? https://www.hhs.se/contentassets/7d17990209d94ae991036a603353014c/andreea-mitrut.pdf
DFID (2010) DFID How-to Note; addressing corruption in the Health sector, November 2010.https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/67659/How-to-Note-corruption-health.pdf
European Union (2010) Project against corruption in Albania (Paca). Technical paper: Corruption risk assessment methodology guide. https://www.coe.int/en/web/corruption/completed-projects/paca/technical-papers
GIZ (2004) Deutche Gesselschaft fur Techniche Zusammenarbeit. Preventing Corruption in Education Sector: a practical guide. Eschborn (quoted on page 42 of Selic and Vujovic )
Hallak, Jacques and Poisson, Muriel (2007) Corrupt schools, corrupt universities: What can be done? Paris: UNESCO Publishing. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001502/150259e.pdf
Hallak, Jacques and Poisson, Muriel (2001) Ethics and corruption in education. International Institute for Education Policy, Policy Forum No 15. Available at: http://unesdoc.IIEP-UNESCO.org/images/0012/001292/129290e.pdfhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001292/129290e.pdfhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001292/129290e.pdf.
Heynemann, Stephen (2016) Corruption in education: consequences and proposals for amelioration World Bank, April 21, 2006.
Hubbard, Paul (2007) Putting the Power of Transparency in Context: Information’s Role in Reducing Corruption in Uganda’s Education Sector. Centre for Global Development, Working paper No. 136.
Kenny, Charles (2017) Results not receipts: counting the right things in aid and corruption. Center for Global Development. https://www.cgdev.org/publication/results-not-receipts-counting-right-things-aid-and-corruption
Khan, Mushtaq, Andreoni, Antonio, Roy, Pallavi (2016) Anti-corruption in adverse contexts: a strategic approach. SOAS Research Online. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23495/1/Anti-Corruption%20in%20Adverse%20Contexts%20%281%29.pdf
Kirya, Monica (2011) Performing “good governance” Commissions of Inquiry and the Fight against Corruption in Uganda. PhD Thesis, University of Warwick, UK. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/47800/1/WRAP_Theses_Kirya_2011.pdf
Meier, Bettina (2004) Corruption in the Education Sector: An Introduction. Transparency International. Available at: https://www.atositchallenge.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Meier2004corruption-in-education.pdf
Nurfauzia, Shinta (2015) Making Anti-Corruption Education work: the to do list. https://globalanticorruptionblog.com/2015/04/20/making-anticorruption-education-work-the-to-do-list/
Ochse, Katharina (2004) Preventing Corruption in the Education System: A Practical Guide (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit 2004).
OECD (2012) Strengthening integrity and fighting corruption in Education: Serbia Available at: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/strengthening-integrity-and-fighting-corruption-in-education-serbia_9789264185777-sr
And:http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/9112181e.pdf?expires=1499175757&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=C2F2F4F7B9B1243EE5C595C796FCAFC9
Patrinos HA (2013) The Hidden Cost of Corruption: Teacher Absenteeism and Loss in Schools. In Global Corruption Report: Education, edited by G. Sweeney, K. Despota, and S. Linder, 70–73. New York: Routledge; Berlin: Transparency International. (quoted in World Bank Sri Lanka report)
Poisson, Muriel (2010) Corruption and Education International Academy of Education, Education Policy Series Booklets No11. http://etico.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/190247E.pdf
Poisson, Muriel and Hallak, Jacques (2007) Corrupt schools, corrupt universities: what can be done? http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001502/150259e.pdf
Pyman, Mark (2018) Tackling corruption in Afghanistan’s education sector.https://globalanticorruptionblog.com/2018/01/04/guest-post-tackling-corruption-in-afghanistans-education-sector/
Pyman, Mark, Eastwood, Sam, Hungerford, Jason, and Elliott, Jasmine (2018) Analysing the anti-corruption approaches of the 26 top-ranked countries: an opportunity for a new generation of strategies. Institute for Statecraft and Norton Rose Fulbright, March 2018.Available at:http://www.statecraft.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/EMEA_2384_Bespoke%20brochure__Countries%20Curbing%20corruption%20final%20report_V3….pdf
Pyman, Mark, Eastwood, Sam, Hungerford, Jason and Elliott, Jasmine (2017) Research comparing 41 national anti-corruption strategies. Insights and guidance for leaders. Institute for Statecraft and Norton Rose Fulbright. http://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/knowledge/publications/147479/countries-curbing-corruption
Reinikka, Ritva, and Nathanael Smith (2004) Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys in Education: Peru, Uganda and Zambia. Ethics and Corruption in Education. Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning. Available at: http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/ les/public-expend-track-surv.pdf.
Reyes (2010) The Philippine Department of Education: challenges of policy implementation amidst corruption. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02188791.2010.519696?journalCode=cape20
Sabic-El Rayees and Mansur (2016) Favor reciprocation theory in education: New corruption typology. International Journal of Educational Development 50 (2016) 20–32. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07380593/50
Sahlberg P (2009) The role of international organisations in fighting education corruption. Available at:https://pasisahlberg.com/portfolio-writings/selected-writings/articles/sahlberg-p-2009-the-role-of-international-organisations-in-fighting-education-corruption-in-s-heyneman-ed-buying-your-way-into-heaven-education-and-corruption-in-international-perspective-ro/
Selic and Vukovic (2009) Policy for fighting against corruption in education Available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/18619273.pdf
Spector, Bertram (2005) Fighting corruption in developing countries. Kumerian press. https://www.amazon.co.uk/Fighting-Corruption-Developing-Countries-Strategies/dp/1565492021
Transparency International (2013) Global Corruption Report – Education. Edited by Gareth Sweeney, Krina Despota and Samira Lindner. Routledge, 2013. Available at: https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/global_corruption_report_education.
U4 (2006) Corruption in the education sector. Available at: http://www.u4.no/publications/corruption-in-the-education-sector/
UNDP (2011) Fighting corruption in the education sector: methods, tools and good practices. Available at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/IP/Anticorruption%20Methods%20and%20Tools%20in%20Education%20Lo%20Res.pdf
United Nations Habitat (2006) Restore the Health of Your Organization: A Practical Guide to Curing and Preventing Corruption in Local Governments and Communities, Volume 1, Concepts and Strategies. Author Fred Fisher. https://unhabitat.org/books/restore-the-health-of-your-organisation-a-practical-guide-to-curing-and-preventing-corruption-in-local-government-and-communities-volume-1-concepts-and-strategies/
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2015) National Anti-Corruption Strategies: A Practical Guide for Development and Implementation. Accessible at https://www.unodc.org/documents/corruption/Publications/2015/National_Anti-Corruption_Strategies_-_A_Practical_Guide_for_Development_and_Implementation_E.pdf
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2005) PROACTIVE ‐Programme on Assessing Corruption Through Evidence‐based methods.http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/corruption/publications.html
USAID (2014) Analysis of USAID anticorruption programming worldwide 2007-2013. https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1866/AnalysisUSAIDAnticorruptionProgrammingWorldwideFinalReport2007-2013.pdf
USAID (2006) Corruption Assessment Handbook. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnadp270.pdf
Vujovic et al (2010) How to make institutions more efficient. At http://pasos.org/wp-content/archive/may_2010.pdf
Weick (2001) Making Sense of the Organisationhttps://www.amazon.co.uk/Making-Organization-KeyWorks-Cultural-Studies/dp/0631223193
World Bank (2017) Sri Lanka Education Sector assessment: achievements, challenges and policy options. World Bank Group. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/27042
World Bank (2016) Education public expenditure review in Zambia. World Bank Group. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/23883/K8640.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y.
World Bank (2016) Madagascar – Public expenditure review 2015: education (English). Available at:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/271911468185343596/Madagascar-Public-expenditure-review-2015-education
World Bank (2014) Public Expenditures in Georgia: Strategic Issues and Reform Agenda. Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/georgia/publication/public-expenditures-review
World Bank (2013) Fighting Corruption in Education A Call for Sector Integrity Standards. Author Mihaylo Milovanovitch. World Bank Group. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2358480
World Bank (2013) Policy notes on public expenditures in Tajikistan. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/989271468312633854/pdf/891820NWP0P14700TJK0NOTE30final0web.pdf
World Bank (2012) Philippines: basic expenditure public expenditure review’Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13809 (Just a single general reference to corruption, p73)
World Bank (2009) Summaries of Vulnerability to Corruption Assessments.http://siteresources.worldbank.org/AFGHANISTANEXTN/Resources/305984-1237085035526/5919769-1249254211329/VCAsSummaryReportFinalJuly172009.pdf
World Bank (2002) Peru: Public expenditure tracking study. World Bank Group. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPUBSERV/Resources/peru.pets.concept.sep9.2002.pdf
Longer bibliographies. Besides the references above, a more detailed bibliography is also available in case users want to search through a larger volume of material for articles relevant to their particular country or set of circumstances.
We think that these references are not of broad interest, so they have not been referred to in this review. They comprise the following:
- Articles quoted by Poisson 2010: 43
- Articles quoted by UNDP (2011): 89
- Articles quoted by Sahlberg (2009): 24
- Articles quoted by Sabic-El Rayees and Mansur (2016): 28
- Education articles in Professor Stephenson’s bibliography (As at Sept 2017): 68
Fisheries
Agnew DJ, Pearce J, Pramod G, Peatman T, Watson R, et al. (2009) Estimating the worldwide extent of illegal fishing.http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004570
Bondaroff, Teale, van der Werf, Witse and Reitano, Tuesday (2015) The illegal fishing and organised crime nexus. http://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/the-illegal-fishing-and-organised-crime-nexus-1.pdf
Dengate C (2016) No Bigger Fish to Fry: Going after Corruption in Global Fisheries, Huffington Post, July 2016, https://goo.gl/MYY1Ex
Food and Agriculture Organisation (2001) International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing.http://www.fao.org/fishery/ipoa-iuu/en
Cockcroft, Laurence (2012) Global corruption: money, power and ethics in the modern world. I.B. Tauris.
Lampert, Thomas (2017) Stopping Illegal Fishing and Seafood Fraudsters: The Presidential Task Force’s Plan on Tackling IUU Fishing and Seafood Fraud, Boston College Law Review, 58(5). https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.co.uk/&httpsredir=1&article=3608&context=bclr
Oceania (2017) Protecting the world’s oceans.https://oceana.blogactiv.eu/2017/06/20/member-states-must-support-an-ambitious-reform-of-the-eus-external-fishing-fleet-regulation-in-this-crucial-year-for-ocean-governance-it-will-ensure-much-needed-transparency-and-help-preven/
OECD (2016) Combating tax crime and other crimes in the fisheries sector.http://www.oecd.org/tad/events/combating-crimes-fisheries-conference-2016.htm
Roheim, Cathy (2008) Seafood Supply Chain Management: Methods to Prevent Illegally-Caught Product Entry into the Marketplace. Page 1, citing HSTFhttps://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/supply_chain_management_roheim.pdf;
Standing, Andre (2015) Corruption and state-corporate crime in fisheries, U4 Report. https://www.u4.no/publications/corruption-and-state-corporate-crime-in-fisheries/
Stiles, Margot, Kagan, Ariel, Shaftel, Emily and Lowell, Beth (2013) Stolen food: the impact of pirate fishing on our oceans.http://oceana.org/sites/default/files/reports/Oceana_StolenSeafood.pdf
Sumaila, Ussif and Jacquet, Jennifer (2017) When bad gets worse – corruption in fisheries. https://goo.gl/gi1CWa
Transparency International (2011) Dealing with corruption in fishing and small-scale farming.Author: Catherine Mann. https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/helpdesk/dealing-with-petty-corruption-in-fishing-and-small-scale-farming
Tsamenyi, Martin and Hanich, Quentin (2008) Addressing corruption in Pacific Island fisheries. https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Addressing_Corruption_in_Pacific_Islands.html?id=ivDRYgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
And Tsamenyi and Hanich 2008, Note 3, citing Martin, Will, et al, A handbook for Negotiating Fishing Access Agreements, WWF, 2001, p.39)
U4 (2013) Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and corruption. https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/392_Illegal__unreported_and_unregulated_fishing_and_corruption.pdf
UNODC (2015) Fisheries Crime: transnational organized criminal activities in the context of the fisheries sector.https://www.unodc.org/documents/about-unodc/Campaigns/Fisheries/focus_sheet_PRINT.pdf
World Wildlife Fund Decreasing fish stocks. http://wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/endangered_species/cetaceans/threats/fishstocks/
Higher Education
Abagi, O., 2006. “Private Higher Education in Kenya,” Chapter 3 in Growth and expansion of private higher education in Africa,UNESCO International Institute for Education Planning, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001502/150255e.pdf, p. 91
Academic Anonymous, 2015. “We shouldn’t keep quiet about how research grant money is really spent,”The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2015/mar/27/research-grant-money-spent;
Achuka, V. (2015) “Money and Politics behind student unions,” The Daily Nation https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/The-money-and-politics-behind-student-unions/1064-2661876-format-xhtml-fw6csrz/index.html
Aduda, D., 2017. “Kenyan universities given deadline to clear rot as quality declines.” The East African, http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/kenya-universities-deadline-to-clear-rot/2558-3869142-tkusp8z/index.htmlSee also Ouma, W., 2017. “Kenya Varsities Cancel fake degrees.” The East African, http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Kenya-varsities-cancel-fake-degrees/2558-4007612-6tb8dq/index.html
African News Agency (ANA), 2018. “Anti-plagiarism software enhances academic integrity.” The Citizen, https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1841197/anti-plagiarism-software-enhances-academic-integrity/
Ajayi et al, 1996. The African Experience with Higher Education, Association of African Universities; London: James Currey; Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, Accra. Quoted in http://www.olugbemirojegede.com/keynotes/Quality_of_University_Education_in_Nigeria_Univ_of_Uyo_Convocation_Lecture_2017.pdf
American Council on Education, 2017. Mapping internationalisation on US campuses, http://www.acenet.edu/news-room/Documents/Mapping-Internationalization-2017.pdf, pp. 26-27
Anonymous, 2017. “Is there a culture of denial around sexual misconduct in academia?” Times Higher Education, at https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/there-culture-denial-around-sexual-misconduct-academia
Australian Government, 2011. Strategic Review of the Student Visa Programme, Chapter 14, https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/reviews-and-inquiries/2011-knight-review.pdf
Australian Human Rights Commission, 2017. Change the Course: National Report on Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment at Universities. At https://www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/AHRC_2017_ChangeTheCourse_UniversityReport.pdf
Awiti A, Scott B, Orwa C, Bhanjee S, 2017. East Africa Youth Survey.East Africa Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya. The survey data can be dowloaded at http://data.eadialogueseries.org/
Badrawi, H. et al, 2008. The Management of University Integrity. Proceedings of the Seminar of the Magna Carta Observatory 19 September, 2007. Bononia University Press.
Barblan, A. et al, 2007.Academic Malpractice Threats and Temptations. Magna Charta Observatory and National Union of Students in Europe. Bononia University Press.
Barigaba, J., 2016. “Uganda: Scandal- How Ugandan Varsity awarded 1,000 South Sudanese degrees in months,” The East Africanhttp://allafrica.com/stories/201611290869.html
BBC News, 2015. “Vyapam: India’s deadly medical school exam scandal.” At http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33421572
BBC News, 2018. “Uganda’s Makerere University to investigate sexual harassment,” reprinted at The East Africanhttp://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Uganda-Makerere-University-investigate-sexual-harassment/2558-4344654-pss35s/index.html
Bloom, D. et al, 2006. Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa, http://ent.arp.harvard.edu/AfricaHigherEducation/Reports/BloomAndCanning.pdf, p. 1
Bretag, T, 2015. “Australian unis should take responsibility for corrupt practices in international education,” The Conversation https://theconversation.com/australian-unis-should-take-responsibility-for-corrupt-practices-in-international-education-40380
Brimble, M. & Stevenson-Clarke, P. (2005) “Perceptions of the prevalence and seriousness of academic dishonesty in Australian Universities.” The Australian Education Researcher 32 (3), 19-44.
Bruckner, T., 2018. How donors can promote global health by promoting clinical trial transparency, U4 Brief (forthcoming).
Burdick, A. 2017. “Paging Dr. Fraud: the fake publishers that are ruining science,” The New Yorker,https://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/paging-dr-fraud-the-fake-publishers-that-are-ruining-science
Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), 2018. Degree Mills: An Old Problem and a New Threat, at https://www.chea.org/4DCGI/degreemills/index2.html?MenuKey=main
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Shipping
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Mark Pyman publications
Curbing Corruption topics – Here
Defence & Security corruption reduction – Here
Afghanistan and MEC – Here
Others – Here